SHARED GENETIC BASES OF CANNABIS DEPENDENCE AND MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER

Background and Aim : Cannabis dependence (CAD) is a serious problem in all over the world. Many studies have focused on the comorbidity of CAD and Schizophrenia. Associations between cannabis dependence and major depressive disorder (MDD) are not completely clarified. This is a review study about shared genetic bases of CAD and MDD. Methods : In this review, key words Cannabis, MDD, Gene, Heritability and Biomarker which were used. Related studies assessed from 2000 to 2019 in Pubmed database.Results : MDD and cannabis use are well-established as heritable traits. Heritability of MDD estimated at 31-42%, heritability for initiation of cannabis use has been estimated at 40-48%, and cannabis abuse heritability of 51-59%. Studies revealed genetic overlap between CAD and MDD. For example CSMD1 gene can be a candidate gene for both CAD and MDD. Genome-wide bivariate linkage models of cannabis use and MDD are analyzed and one important region of the genome-wide was identified on 11q23 (LOD=3.229, p<0.0001); A significant pleiotropic locus was identified on 11q23.1-q23.2, which includes the NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 (NTAD) gene cluster. NCAM1 encodes a brain-expressed cell adhesion protein. There is evidence that NCAM levels may be associated with MDD (and related behaviors).Conclusion : Cannabis use is a risk factor for depressive symptoms, and a twin study showed cannabis dependence (CAD) to be associated with an elevated risk for major depressive disorder (MDD).

کلیدواژه ها:

Cannabis ، MDD ، Gene ، Heritability