Microalgae; A review of Cultivation techniques, Industrial Application, Domestic and Foreign Situation

The microorganisms are ubiquitous and can be found on many natural or synthetic materials which was used in field of art works, ancient monuments and cultural heritage subjects. In the last forty years, our understanding of the interaction between microorganism and different materials has significantly advanced because of increasing developments in scientific methodologies and awareness of a requirement for systematic research strategies via multidisciplinary groups. Thereinafter, the word of biodeterioration was entered into the scientific literary in 1965 which defined as the attack on natural and manmade materials through the growth and activities of living organisms by Hueck. A wide variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae, lichens as well as other macroorganisms such as mosses, liverworts, insects, invertebrates, bird, mammals, and plants through different physico-chemical mechanisms involve in the biodeterioration phenomenon. The part of the science which pays to discovery the involved microorganisms in the biodeterioration and to know their deteriorative mechanisms named Microbiology of Ancient and Art Works , which is a novel branch of the microbiology. This innovative aspect of microbiology placed their hands into the restorators and conservators of ancient monuments and art works to carry out more efficient and prolonged restoration and conservation. The consequence of this interdisciplinary collaborative activities help the restorators and conservators to mitigate, not only the cost of prevention, restoration and renovation significantly, but they organize more efficient works.