Epidemiology investigation of malaria outbreak in some provinces of Iran during 1382-1397: A review

Introduction and Objectives: Malaria is one of the most important parasitic diseases worldwide, which is characterized by high morbidity and mortality in tropical and subtropical regions. The purpose of this article is a literature search on the epidemiology and outbreak of malaria in some provinces of Iran between 1382 and 1397.Materials and Methods: From the scientific databases such as the SID, Magiran, PubMed, ScienceDirect, 40 published articles during the years 1382 to 1397 were collected and the epidemiology of malaria in some provinces (including: Qom, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad, Homozgan, Isfahan, Hamedan, Mazandaran, Kerman, Kermanshah, Zanjan, Sistan and Balouchestan) was investigated for the following cases: The method of screening, the method of study, the used software and statistical methods, the number of patients with malaria, the percentage of male and female patients, the percentage of Iranian and non-Iranian people, the status of epidemiology, the type and percentage of plasmodium parasite and finally the trend of eradication of the disease. Results: Malaria is known as the most common transmitted disease by mosquitoes in the south and south-east of Iran, especially the provinces of Sistan and Baluchestan, Hormozgan and Kerman. Anopheles stephensi, Anopheles delta, Anopheles superpictus, Anopheles fluviatilis, Anopheles coliophasis are the vectors of malaria in Iran. More than 90% of the plasmodium parasites are the type vivax and the rest of the falciparum and mixed species. Most malaria cases are males and aged between 20 and 30, and the outbreak of disease is more than the type of imported transmission. According to the World Health Organization s 2017 survey, there were 57 indigenous malaria cases and imported malaria cases in Iran, indicating a significant reduction in the number of malaria patients in Iran. Conclusion: Climate conditions, rivers and water resources, stagnant waters, fountains and rivulet, palms, existence of agricultural fields, temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, intensity and direction of wind are the most important climatic factors affecting growth, propagation and the completion of the plasmodium parasite and the anopheles mosquitoes are effective in the onset and outbreak of malaria. Immigration, pilgrimage, tourism attractions and job opportunities and ultimately traveling from other provinces and neighboring countries are effective in the transmission and spread of malaria. According to the WHO, with operational programs, Iran is one of the eastern Mediterranean countries, which indigenous malaria will be completely eradicated by 2020.

کلیدواژه ها:

Malaria ، Epidemiology ، Anopheles ، Plasmodium falciparum ، Vivax ، Climate condition ، Iran.