The Roles of Chemokines in Breast Cancer

Chemokines are small proteins that regulate movement of leukocytes and they are veryimportant during the immune system responses. Now a day it is very good understood thatseveral families of chemokines including CXC (which a conserved cysteine motif may alsoInclude an amino acid (X) in their N terminal domain ),CC( chemotacticcytokine),C,CX3C.CXC have important role in angiogenesis that resulted in tumorexpansion. Breast cancer is a malignant tumor originates within breast tissue or stroma,chemokines and their receptors have important role in breast cancer because they are onlysystem that regulates leukocyte infiltration. CCL2 is a strong chemotactic factor that regulatemigration and infiltration of monocytes ,T cells, memory cells and NK cells (natural killer).Exert their effects are promote angiogenesis and enrichment leukocyte. Also IL-8 is involvedin malignant and benign tumor. CCL20 chemokine is the target of lymphocyte and dendriticcells and attracts poor neutrophils from binding to CCR4 receptors. Regulation of cell cycle isa key element in the development of cancer and CXCL8 is important promoter in cell cycleprogression and off this promoter in breast cancer delay in The development of cancer. Highexpression of CXCR in breast cancer stem cells and high frequency of CD44, CD24+suggested that this chemokine is a suitable marker for breast cancer stem cells.CXCR4 is achemokine receptors that cause increased tumor growth and metastasis. CXCL9, CXCL10control T cell immigration and NK cells and CXCL12 promotes activities T cells and CD8+lymphocytes. Chemokine caused to angiogenesis like CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL8, CXCL5,CXCL6. CCL2 , CCL5 act directly on the endothelial cells. Breast cancer cells have largelyCXC3CR, which have great affinity for bone metastasis. A rang of ligands CCL3, CCL4,CCL5, CXCL10, CXCL17 are needed to induce the migration of breast cancer cells.

کلیدواژه ها:

Breast Cancer ، Chemokine ، Tumor ، Receptors ، Angiogenesis