Effects Of Antioxidants On Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 And 9 In Glioblastoma Multiforme

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a kind of glioma that develops from star-shaped glial cells suchas astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. It is the most common and aggressive type of brain cancer withpoor prognosis and survival. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a big family of proteinases thatplay a critical role in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation in a variety of physiological andpathological tissue remodelling processes. Matrix metalloproteinases are secreted as inactive proenzymesthat are called zymogens. They undergo proteolytic reactions for activation and ECMdegradation. Recent studies have reported that tumor invasion in Glioblastoma multiforme hasbeen associated with increased ECM degradation and MMPs activation. In this way, the preventionof MMPs activity is an important agent in GBM prevention. Gelatinases such as MMP-2 and MMP-9are a group of MMPs. Studies to date suggest that gelatinases have a critical role in glioblastomamultiforme. It has reported that antioxidant can prevent the activation of MMPs. Severalresearchers have suggested that dietary antioxidants can act as potent inhibitors of matrixmetalloproteinases activities. It has been shown that green tea polyphenols especially (3)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate inhibited Matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity in glioblastoma cells.Other antioxidant components such as vitamin A, C, D and E were effective inhibitors of glioma cellsin cell culture but studies demonstrated the different results of these vitamins in vivo. Furtherstudies, both in vitro and in vivo are necessary to detect the influence of antioxidant vitamins inGBM prevention or treatment. Not only vitamins but also minerals such as selenium and copperthat are involved in antioxidant enzyme (glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase)activity can decrease the GBM possibility. Recent researches demonstrated that selenium inducestumor cell-specific apoptosis and has anti-invasive characteristics. In conclusion, dietaryantioxidant nutrients can decrease the possibility of GBM incidence and further researches areneeded to confirm our results.