Menstrual and reproductive factors for pancreatic cancer: protective factors or not

Pancreatic cancer (PC) has the most mortality to incidence ratio between all cancers. PC survival rate is less than 5% and for only 5 years. Rate of PC in men is systematically higher than women that several studies suggested this different ratio to correlation between female reproductive factors and the risk of PC but this findings are not conclusive and although the etiology of this high incidence ratio in men is unclear. Thus this review is supposed to have a sur vey on the last researches about association between female reproductive factors and their less PC incidence ratio.Studies indicate that both estrogen and progesterone receptors have been found similarly in normal and cancerous pancreatic tissues. It seems that number of births has a relation with risk of PC and women with four or more births are at high risk but other related factors such as menarche, menopause and abortion is not associated with pancreas cancer.It seems that higher parity is associated with a decreased in risk of PC and women who had one to four births are at lower risk but more than four births have no decreased.Researches also show no associate between type of menopause, history of spontaneous, oral contraceptives using and hormone replacement therapy (ERT), but early age of first birth leads to higher risk of PC.All together this review is not agree with the hypothesis that menstrual and reproductive factors are associated but implies that parity decreases PC risk

کلیدواژه ها:

Gene and Cancer ، Cell and Cancer ، Cancer Risks ، Lifestyle and Cancer ، Cancer Treatment and Management