Microbial lipases: review

Enzyme or better known as protein molecule holds fundamental tasks of accelerating chemical reactions in living organisms. Precisely, this molecule serves as basic tool for energy generation, growth, repair, cell maintenance and formation of side products in every biological system. Among diverse available enzymes, lipases are regarded as most pliable biocatalyst, ideal for vast commercial applications.Lipase (E.C.3.1.1.3) belongs to the hydrolases and is also known as fat splitting, glycerol ester hydrolase or triacylglycerol acyl-hydrolase. Lipase catalyzes the hydrolysis of triglycerides converting them to glycerol and fatty acids in an oil-water interface. These are widely used in food, dairy, flavor, pharmaceuticals, biofuels, leather, cosmetics, detergent, and chemical industries. Lipases are of plant, animal, and microbial origin, but microbial lipases are produced at industrial level and represent the most widely used class of enzymes in biotechnological applications and organic chemistry. Many microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast and fungi are known to secret lipases. Microbial enzymes production in microorganisms is highly influenced by several factors, such as type of C and N sources, metal ions, pH, temperature, inoculum volume, and incubation time. Lipase-producing microorganisms have been found in diverse habitats such as industrial wastes, vegetable oil processing factories, dairies, soil contaminated with oil, etc. The oily environment (oil mill effluent) may provide a good environment for isolation of lipase producing microorganisms. It was understood that, only 2% of world’s microorganisms have been recognized as enzyme source in which case, bacteria attained higher portion than yeasts. Bacterial lipases are mostly extracellular and are greatly influenced by nutritional and physic-chemical factors, such as temperature, pH, nitrogen and carbon sources, inorganic salts, agitation and dissolved oxygen concentration. Large heterogeneity has been observed in molecular and catalytic characteristics of lipases including molecular mass; 19‒96 kDa andKm; 0.0064–16.58 mM. Optimal conditions of their working temperature and pH have beenstated 15‒70 °C and 5.0‒11, respectively and are strongly associated with the type and growthconditions of micro-organisms. Here is an overview of microbial lipase.

کلیدواژه ها:

Microbial Lipase ، production ، characterization ، application