New approaches to treatment in Glioblastoma multiform

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and the most deadly primary human brain tumor with a dismalprognosis despite aggressive multimodal management thus novel treatments are urgently needed. Gene therapy isa versatile treatment strategy being investigated in multiple cancers including GBM. miRNAs are shortnoncoding RNAs that broadly and profoundly regulate gene expression are deregulated in GBM, where theirexpression levels can serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. New approaches to treatment GBM will beaddressed in this review. Advances in biomedical engineering, mesenchymal and neural stem cells, as well asmultiple different types of nanoparticles have been developed to improve tumor tropism and also increase genetransfer into tumor cells. Different genes have been studied including suicide genes, which convert non-toxicprodrug into cytotoxic drug; immunomodulatory genes, which stimulate the immune system; and tumorsuppressor genes which repair the defect that allow cells to divide unchecked. miRNAs can act as oncogenes ortumor suppressors in GBM by regulating the expression of numerous tumor-suppressive or oncogenic proteins.miRNAs regulate all GBM malignancy parameters including tumor cell proliferation, cell survival, invasion,angiogenesis, cancer stem cells, immune escape, and therapy resistance. lncRNAs are a diverse group ofnoncoding RNAs that are> 200 nucleotides long. Several lncRNAs are deregulated in GBM, where theirexpressions can associate with clinical parameters. Studying noncoding RNAs is important for the understanding,management, and development of future therapies for GBM.

کلیدواژه ها:

Gene therapy ، Glioblastoma ، Gene therapy ، miRNAs ، lncRNAs