A Mediated Autonomic Compensatory Response to Afferent Multisensory Integration

Migraine is a common and multifactorial complication. Internal energy crisis during multisensory integration in migraine brains is apparent. Different migraine brains respond to different sensory inputs differently: One is sensitive to all sensory inputs, one is to some, and none is insensitive. To do a systematic review—in the present study—the researchers, set the goal on a multi-axial perspective: The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA), HPA-Autonomic Compensatory Response (ACR), and HPA-ACR and Mitochondrial- ATP axes. Therefore, in the present study, the researchers reviewed the findings of studies of these axes, their domain interplayers, and multisensory integration-relatedstudies. Their domain interplayers include cortisol, glucocorticoids, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, corticotropin releasing factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, calcitonin gene-related peptides, and their mediators such as cytokines, interleukins, and mast cells.In the present systemic review, the researchers included English language literature—Google Scholar—published from 2010 to 2019. The researchers further reviewed the keywords such as pathophysiology and underlying mechanism of migraine. After removing duplications,the researchers gathered 417 related articles. Studying these articles, the researchers also found 132 that were cited in these 417 articles. Although there were some contradictions with the relation of these axes, their domain interplayers, and multisensory integration, based on the keywords that were search almost 146 of them emphasized on the relation between migraine and HPA-axis, 13 were on the relation between ACR and migraine, and mitochondrial-ATP related articles were 67. Multisensory integration and migraine related articles were 3. The other 320 articles were about the abovementioned mediators and domain interplayers. Conclusions: The existence of strong evidence implies that there is a particular relationship between all these axes and mitochondrial or energy crisis which symptomizes before the migraine attacks in the form of fatigue or mood changes. In addition, in the present study, the researchers identified proinflammatorycascade of events that support the idea of migraine as a mediate autonomic compensatory response to afferent multisensory integration. Furthermore, central sensitization and increased activation of neural activities before and during migraine attacks confirm ACRmediation.