The effect of alcohol consumption on the incidence of periodontal disease

Background and Objective: by increasing of alcohol consumption in modern societies, the incidence of various diseases in alcoholics has increased. Periodontal is a chronic inflammatory disease that is initially inflammation of gum and can affect the supporting structures of the teeth if it becomes severe. The purpose of this study is investigating about the effect of alcohol consumption on periodontal incidence .Search Method: This study was systematically carried out by searching keywords like: alcohol ; ethanol ; periodontal ; gingivitis ; pyorrhea based on Mesh on databases including Scopus, PubMed and clinical key. 68 articles were found that after reviewing 9 of them were selected for complete review .Finding: Alcohol consumption reduces oral saliva production and provides the basis of various types of microbial infections. Increased expression of Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) gene in alcoholics was observed in tissue of gum which increases the probability of inflammation. Alcohol consumption also increases the expression of inflammatory cytokines including IL-1 and IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF_a), which is directly related to the inflammation and lysis of tooth supporting structures . Consumption of alcohol also disrupts the function of neutrophils and macrophages and results in increased levels of oral bacteria in alcoholics. It should be noted from the reviewed articles, two articles mentioned that periodontitis is more common in men than women, and three articles examined the number of tooth fallen in alcoholics patients caused by periodontitis , That did not show a significant difference compared to healthy individualsConclusion: Chronic consumption of alcoholics causes the increase accumulation of oral bacteria by changing the oral buffering space and increases the production of dental plaques, which is directly related to periodontal disease. Increasing inflammatory cytokines also confirm this matter

کلیدواژه ها:

alcohol ، ethanol ، periodontal ، pyorrhea