Blood Vessel Formation and Bone Regeneration Potential of Human Adipose Stem Cells for Jaw Bone Augmentation

Background and Aim: Bone substitutes have been exploited as analternative treatment modality for the autologous bone grafts in patientsundergoing maxillary sinus floor elevation (MSFE) for the dental implantplacement. Nevertheless, the bone substitutes lack the osteoinductiveand angiogenic potential. Addition of adipose stem cells (ASCs) hasbeen shown to possibly stimulate the osteogenesis, osteoinduction,and angiogenesis. In this investigation, in a phase I study, we aimed atstudying the vascularization in terms of the bone formation potential of the ASCs containing stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue,which were seeded on two types of calcium phosphate carriers withinthe human MSFE model.Methods: Autologous SVF was obtained from ten patients. Then, theautologous SVF was seeded on either β-tricalcium phosphate (n = 5) orbiphasic calcium phosphate carriers (n = 5), and used for MSFE througha one-step surgical procedure. After six months, biopsies were obtainedduring dental implant placement. Then, the quantification of the numberof blood vessels was performed using histomorphometric analysis andimmunohistochemical stainings for blood vessel markers, includingCD34 and alpha-smooth muscle actin markers.Results: Based on our findings, the bone percentages appeared tocorrelate with the formation of blood vessels, which were also found tobe markedly higher in the study versus the control biopsies in the cranialarea, particularly in the case of β-tricalcium phosphate-treated patients.Conclusion: Taken all, this investigation confirms the safety, feasibility,and efficiency of the application of ASCs in the human MSFE, which alsoimplies a pro-angiogenic effect of SVF.

کلیدواژه ها:

Blood vessel ، Bone regeneration ، Human adipose stem cells