Muslim Pious Foundations as Urban Nucleuses during the Sustainable Development of Ilkhanid Cities: a case study of Tabriz

Ilkhanid urbanism influenced by the political, socio-economic, religious and cultural conditions that occurred during the Mongol invasion on Central Asia and Iran, formed oncontext of the Seljuk structure of cities. The culmination of this method that has been illustrated in Tabriz as an important capital of Ilkhanids (1265-1313), was simultaneous with flooding of several groups from various regions and nations into the capital. To provide urban nucleuses around which the immigrants could settle, urban development during the Ilkhanid period organized along the construction of governmental pious foundations (abwābal-birr) outside the ancient walled city as new neighbourhoods. The waqf institutions based on their sustainable design through maintenance of buildings in good condition and analytichierarchy process perform a determining role in the growth and structure of Muslim cities, both on the level of political and economic control and on the level of social cohesion. This pattern traversed its own evolution toward the creation of designed metropolis with rapidurban growth. This study attempted to survey of the sustainable development of Ilkhanid cities and their influence on formation of Independent neighbourhoods. Analitical research method and archival study are research methods. To illustrate these views, the example of Tabriz as a citywith Ilkhanid urban organization background is discussed, by using archival and narrative texts, architectural evidence, legal and historical sources, and contemporary theoretical discussions. The purpose of this study is offer a new approach to rehabilitation of pious foundations to sustainable development of residential areas lying on the outskirts of a city.

کلیدواژه ها:

Ilkhanid urbanism ، Sustainable development ، Pious Foundations ، Waqf ، Tabriz