Natural toxins as a medicine to human disease treatment

سال انتشار: 1398
نوع سند: مقاله کنفرانسی
زبان: انگلیسی
مشاهده: 282

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شناسه ملی سند علمی:

TOXICOLOGY15_007

تاریخ نمایه سازی: 15 بهمن 1398

چکیده مقاله:

When in 1962 international society of Toxinology was founded. All researches were concentrated to find out how many sub types Ion channels are and how they work. These proteins have essential roles in cells membrane. Na+ and K+ channels were involved in action potentials and responsible for neurotransmitters release. However, venoms and toxins as a pharmacological tool could identify different ion channel types and subtypes on different cells. Further, channelopathy has shown how important they are and how their defective could cause human diseases. So modulation of channels by different specific animal toxins may access to medicine for human diseases treatment. Indeed, developing of genetics, molecular structure, biophysical properties of ion channels sciences have speed up this proposal.α- and β-bungarotoxin were two fractions isolated from snake venom that selectively block nicotinic receptors and neurotransmitter release in neuromuscular junction. Several years later a neurotoxic protein were isolated from Bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Similar to β-bungarotoxin it prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from axon endings at the neuromuscular junction and thus causes flaccid paralysis. Botox is a commercialized form of the toxin in the market.Tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin are isolated from puffer fish and jellyfish which could block Na+ channels activation sites. Meanwhile there are several fractions isolated from old world scorpion venom that could block Na+ channel inactivation sites. They have had a major role on Na+ channel structure activity. Irreversible effects of tetrodotoxin has been a major defect for lidocaine substitution. More investigation is needed to solve the problem that then it may appear as a pain killer in the market.Carybdotoxin, Iberitoxin, Kaliotoxin are fractions isolated from different types of scorpions can block high conductance Ca2+ dependent K+ channels are recently studied as a anticancer. Whereas Apamin from bee venom can block low conductance Ca2+ dependent K+ channels. Melittin also known as anti-inflammatory agent is isolated from bee venom. These fractions besides some others like MCDP all give a potential to bee venom that become as a medicine to treat Rheumatoid Arthritis or Multiple Sclerosis.The variety of venomous animals and their subtypes from snakes, scorpions, spiders, bees, puffer fish, sea anemonia venom are under investigation to access medicine for human diseases. Due to our native venomous animals, it would be a chance to develop more laboratory work on animal venoms and toxins for above purpose.

نویسندگان

H Vatanpour

Dep. Toxicology and Pharmacology, Pharmacy school. Med. Sci. University of shahid Beheshti. Tehran-Iran. P.O.Box: ۱۴۱۵۵-۶۱۵۳