Mehdi Tavakolan - Associate Professor, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, School of CivilEngineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Mahdi Ezzati - M.Sc. of Civil Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran,
Mohammad Hosein Ezzati - M.Sc. of Civil Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Since the ۱۹۲۰s, the use of reinforced concrete with steel rebar in building constructionhas revolutionized the industry, enabling architects and engineers to design structurespreviously thought to be impossible. Thin concrete shells are one of the most efficientand unique systems in the construction industry. This type of structure has somefeatures like wide-span coverage, remarkable strength, visual fascination, uniqueaesthetics, and cost-effectiveness in material consumption. These features make it afavored choice for special structures like sports stadiums, hangars, conference halls,city landmarks, churches. Iconic buildings such as the Sydney Opera House, Rome'sPalazzetto Dello Sport, New York's TWA Flight Center, MIT's Kresge Auditorium,Madrid's Zarzuela Hippodrome, Cape Town's Bosjes Chapel, Tokyo's St. Mary'sCathedral, and the Coyoacán Chapel of St Vincent are just a few examples of theinnovative use of this technique in construction."

Thin shell structures, Spatial structure, Wide spans, Structural system,Natural forms.