Eny Yulianti - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang Jalan Gajayana ۵۰, Malang ۶۵۱۴۴, East Java, Indonesia
Lilik Miftahul Khoiroh - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang Jalan Gajayana ۵۰, Malang ۶۵۱۴۴, East Java, Indonesia
Rif’atul Mahmudah - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang Jalan Gajayana ۵۰, Malang ۶۵۱۴۴, East Java, Indonesia
Sindi Puspitasari - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang Jalan Gajayana ۵۰, Malang ۶۵۱۴۴, East Java, Indonesia
Faiqotul Himmah - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang Jalan Gajayana ۵۰, Malang ۶۵۱۴۴, East Java, Indonesia
Tzu-Teng Huang - Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), Tainan, Taiwan
Imtiaz Ali Laghari - Department of Electrical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Campus Larkana, Sindh ۶۷۴۸۰, Pakistan
Ahmad Zikri - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa ۱۶۸۵۰, Türkiye
Mohammad Abdullah - Chemical Engineering Studies, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA Johor Branch, Pasir Gudang Campus, Bandar Seri Alam, ۸۱۷۵۰ Masai, Pasir Gudang, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
Rahadian Zainul - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia
Tarek A. Elkhooly - Nanomedicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa ۱۱۱۵۲, Egypt

This study aimed to develop the production of porous cellulose beads from bagasse. Alkali extraction with ۶% sodium hydroxide was identified as the optimal solvent for cellulose, based on the swelling ratio. This process resulted in viscose cellulose solution with improved characteristics, including a density of ۱.۰۹۹ g/ml, viscosity of ۰.۰۲۴ Pa·s, molecular weight of ۱۷۱.۶۶۸ g/mol, and a swelling ratio of ۵۰.۸%. The beads fabrication using the cellulose extract combined with alginate led to the formation of beads with a homogeneous and rough surface. Calcium carbonate (CaCO۳) was utilized as a porogen and zinc acetate served as the crosslinking agent. The optimal composition of alginate to cellulose xanthate for bead formation, determined through evaluations of bead geometry, swelling power, and surface porosity using SEM-EDX, was found to be a ۲:۲ ratio.

Bagasse Cellulose beads Alginate Beads Cross, linked