M.Ilyas - professor
M.Rizwan - ph.D Student

This research paper includes the type of damage to reinforced concrete (RC) structures caused by Kashmir-Hazara earthquake , which struck Azad Kashmir and Northern areas of Pakistan on 8th October , 2005. The earthquake measured 7.6 on the Richter scale and occurred due to fault rupture of Kashmir Boundary Thrust passing through Kashmir and Northern areas of Pakistan . the epicenter has been indentified at 34.44N 73.28E some 95 KM north of Islamabad . The earthquake severely damaged the areas of Abbottabad, Mansehra, Balakot, Gharihabibullah, Muzaffarabad , Bagh , Battagram , Battal , Allai , Naran valley , Neelum valley and Jhelum calley. Associate per official figures more then 72000 are dead, 200,000 are injured and 2.8 million families have been displaced. The earthquake has affected almost every structure in these areas and caused total collapse about 90% stone masonry huts exisiting in the areas. The RC building structures have suffered major damage ranging from cracks in infill masonry and structural components to total collapse. Different damage mechanisms were clearly observed in RC building structures . From the study of the damage mechanisms , which occurred in the RC building structures. From the study of the damage mechanism , which occurred in the RC structure conclusion are drawn which can be considered for the construction of houses of houses in the affected areas and areas of similar seismic activity in other regions of the world.

Kashmir-Hazara Earthquake , Damage , RC Structures