Alireza Jorjani - Msc Student of Electronics Engineering Eshragh Institute of Higher Education
Amin Jajarmi - ASST Professor Faculty member of Electrical Engineering Eshragh Institute of Higher Education,
Ehsan Jafari - ASST Professor Faculty member of Computer Engineering Eshragh Institute of Higher Education
MohammadReza Reihani - Msc of Electronics Engineering Eshragh Institute of Higher Education

The electronic industry totally revolutionized our lives in the twentieth century. The vacuum tube was built and came into practice in radio systems to transmit data at long distances. Vacuum tubes were also used for data processing in primary electrical computers. After taking the first steps, the path to electronic devices got much faster and smaller. First, transistors were replaced with vacuum tubes as separate devices, and then integrated circuits with thousands of transistors and then millions of transistors were built on the same size of the semiconductor chip. The result of this minimization is all the comfort that we have nowadays in gadgets such as personal computers, phones, audio and video systems, cameras, and so on. Now, at the beginning of twenty first century, similar revolutions are occurring. In this new revolution, electron which was the origin of electronic industry, does not play the main role, but it is photon which is the origin of the photonic industry. The term photonics refers to the usages and phenomena in which light (including photons) is used to transmit and process information, or modify physical material. Perhaps the most important and recent example is fiber-optic communications which are the pivotal core of high-speed data transmission networks. It allows Internet users to access not only plain text and graphics, but also multimedia content. Optical sensors can also be considered as photonic devices because they detect some of the environmental characteristics, including temperature, elasticity, pressure and density of various chemical species, in optical form and transmit them. Some devices such as biosensors for the human body and temperature sensors in the oil and gas industry have various applications.

Photonic Crystal, Temperature Sensor, Oil & Gas Industries,