Houra Nekounam - Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mohammad Ali Shokrgozar - Department of Medical Biotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, National Cell Bank of Iran, Tehran

Conductive structures are used in various medical fields and recentlyhave attracted much attention in tissue engineering applications. Attempts in tissue engineering are aimed at active and smart scaffolds that affect cells or cause the release of cellular factors through electrical and physical stimulation. Although theconductive scaffold aloneis effective in cell growth and behaviorthrough changes in ion transport at the membrane surface of the cell butin many cases, they also apply electrical stimulation on the surface of the conductive scaffold. Thestudies on various cells has provena positive effect on adherence, proliferation, migration, differentiation, alignment of cells, anatomy evolution, wound healing and regeneration. Conductive scaffolds in different tissuescan be usedincluding nervous, cardiac, bone, and muscle contraction. This review is based on the use of conductive scaffold forvarious tissues and are classified according to the type of tissue. All of them showed cellular effect and optimal performanceof tissuein presenceconductive scaffolds and electrical stimuli.

Endogenous electric field, Conductive materials, Tissue engineering, Scaffold, Electric stimulation