Abdolkarim Hamedi - Professor of Pediatrics, Infectious Disease Preventable by Vaccine Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad, Iran.
Mohammad Hadi Amirian - Professor of Pediatrics, Infectious Disease Preventable by Vaccine Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad, Iran.
Samaneh Kouzegaran - Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Infectious Disease Preventable by Vaccine Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad, Iran.

Introduction: Nosocomial Infections (NI) are a frequent and relevant problem, in other hands; those are responsible of mortality especially in pediatric ICU( Intensive Care Unit) and NICUs (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit). Healthcare-associated infections are important in wide-ranging concern in the medical field. The most cause of Nosocomial infection include: bloodstream infection, urinary tract infection, pneumonia, and wound infection. The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiology of the three most common NI in the Pediatric department.        Materials and Methods: We performed a prospective study in a single Pediatric department during 12 months. Children were assessed for 3 NI: wound infections, pneumonia and urinary tract infections (UTI), as the same method as Center of Disease Control criteria. All patients were followed up and individuals who had have NI and their treatment was entered in this study.          Results: In this study 811 patients were hospitalized that 60% of them were male and were older than 60 months. The main causes of hospitalization include: toxicity, seizure, respiratory infection and fever. Among them 15 cases had NI (1.87%). The most NI occurred in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and it was followed in aspect of intubation. The most cultured organism was pseudomonas that they suspected to ceftazidime and isolate from blood and endotracheal tube.           Conclusion:  NI presence was associated with increased mortality and length of stay in hospital. This study highlights the importance of NIs in children admitted to a pediatric department especially PICU in a developing country. Clinical monitoring of NIs and bacterial resistance profiles are required in all pediatric units.

Antibiotic, Nosocomial infection, Pediatric Department