Prevalence and Anatomic Characteristics of Accessory Mental Foramen Using ConeBeam Computed Tomography Views in an Iranian Population

Background: Determining the incidence and anatomic features of accessory mental foramen (AMF) in the Iranian population is of vital importance. This study investigated the prevalence and anatomic characteristics of AMF using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a selected Iranian population. Methods: A total of ۸۵۳ CBCT images from ۴۴۰ women and ۴۱۳ men were examined in this cross-sectional retrospective study. The images were evaluated by two independent observers using reconstructed ۳-dimensional, cross-sectional, and panoramic views. Several parameters were assessed, including the location of AMF relative to mental foramen (MF), size and the point of canal bifurcations, and the distance between the main and accessory canals. Finally, statistical differences in the AMF prevalence in terms of gender and direction and its location were evaluated by the Mann-Whitney U test (P<۰.۰۵). Results: The prevalence of AMF was ۱۰.۵۵%, which was more frequently located in the posterior inferior area relative to the main MF, and its nerve was more frequently originated from the anterior loop (P=۰.۰۰۱). There were no statistically significant differences in gender (P=۰.۲۶) and direction (P=۰.۴). The mean distance of AMF was ۷.۶۲ mm. The mean height of MF and the AMF vertical height were ۱۳.۶۵ mm and ۵۲.۱۲ mm in those with AMF on one side, respectively, and this difference was statistically significant (P=۰.۰۰۱). The sizes of the MF and AMF were ۳.۲ mm (large diameter), ۲.۳ mm (small diameter), and ۱.۴ mm (large diameter), and ۱.۱ mm (small diameter), respectively. Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present study, the prevalence of AMF according to hemi-mandibular was ۵.۸۰% in the selected Iranian population. Thus, AMF might branch from any section of the inferior alveolar nerve and the mandibular canal.