Role of exogenous putrescine in the status of energy, DNA damage, inflammation, and spermidine/spermine-n(۱)- acetyltransferase in brain ischemia-reperfusion in rats

Objective(s): This study aims to investigate the role of putrescine against brain ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injured rats administered with ۲۵۰ µmol/kg exogenous putrescine and highlight the IR-associated mechanisms in energy metabolism and inflammatory pathway. Materials and Methods: The rats were divided into six groups: ۱-Sham group; ۲-IR group, ۳۰ min of ischemia and ۳۰ min of reperfusion was performed with bilateral carotid occlusion (BCAO); ۳-IPR group, a single oral dose of putrescine was administered at the start of the ۳۰-minute reperfusion; while in the other treatment groups, ۴ doses of putrescine were given within ۱۲-hour intervals. After ۳۰ min of reperfusion, the first dose was administered immediately in the IR-PI (group ۴), after ۳ hr in IR-PII (group ۵), and after ۶ hr in IR-PIII (group ۶). Interleukin-۶ (IL-۶), Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B (NF-kB), Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), total Nitric oxide (NO), ۸-hydroxyguanosine (۸-OHdG), Spermidine/Spermin N-acetyltransferase (SSAT) levels were analyzed in brain tissues.Results: IR reduced brain ATP levels; however, putrescine treatment reversed this state. Brain NO and ۸-OHdG levels, and NF-kB and IL-۶ levels increased significantly in the IR group and these elevations were decreased in putrescine administered groups. SSAT levels were higher in the IR-PII group. The lowest levels were observed in the IR-PIII group. Conclusion: The exogenous putrescine supplementation after cerebral IR creates neuroprotective effects independent of the time of administration; according to conditions such as formation of radicals in the brain, the spread of the inflammation and the need for consumption of energy are considered as a whole. 

کلیدواژه ها:

۸-OHdG ، Brain ischemia ، IL-۶ ، Nitric oxide ، NF-kB ، Putrescine ، Rat ، Spermidine/Spermine-N(۱)