Crosstalk between exosomes derived fromtumor cells and mesenchymal stem cells in the gastric tumormicroenvironment

Gastric cancer (GC) is a multifactorial and heterogeneous gastrointestinal(GI) tumor with a high morbidity rate. In order todevelop early diagnosis methods and more accurate and efficienttreatment, detailed knowledge of GC tumor developmentand progression mechanisms is of particular importance. Accumulatingevidence has revealed that the extensive paracrineinteraction between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironmentplays a critical role in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis.Exosomes, the extracellular microvesicles released fromGC cells and different cell types of gastric tumor microenvironmentssuch as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have a crucialrole in crosstalk among cancer tissue-constructing cells. As paracrinemediators, exosomes deliver numerous signal moleculesincluding exosomal mRNAs as well as noncoding RNAs (i.e.microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs), and proteins amongcells. GC cell-derived exosomes are believed to contribute tooncogenesis, tumor growth, chemo-resistance, and metastasis.MSC-derived exosomes on the other hand are shown to beinvolved in changes in tumor behaviors, including promotingtumor development, immune escape, angiogenesis, cancer invasion,and resistance to therapy. miRNAs analyzed from GCcell-derived are proposed as a predictive biomarker for GC metastasis.Exosomes derived from tumor cells have been suggestedas being able to specifically target gastric tumors and inhibitcancer progression. They can also use regulatory mechanismsto inhibit the growth of tumor cells or reverse drug resistance.On the other hand, engineered- exosomes have shown suppressiveeffects on the proliferation of the GC and vascular cellsand their migration. Therefore, understanding the mechanismof action of MSCs/GCs-derived exosomes is an important stepin designing early detection and targeted treatment methods forgastric cancer. To date, many attempts have been made to identifyexosome-based biomarkers in GC early diagnosis, chemoresistance,metastasis, and treatment. In this review, the recentfindings of interaction between MSCs and GCs-DEs, novelMSCs/GCs-DEs biomarkers in gastric cancer progression, andexosome-based GC therapy are discussed.

کلیدواژه ها:

exosomes ، mesenchymal stem cells ، gastric cancer ، tumor microenvironment