Electrochemical Analysis of Anticancer Drugs

Discovering new anticancer drugs and screening their efficacy needs a huge amount of resources and time-consuming processes. The development of sensitive, fast, and nondestructive methods for analysis of anticancer drugs have been performed to decrease the time and resources required to discover new anticancer drugs. However, high potential toxicity and mutagenic and carcinogenic side effects have been observed for most of the anticancer drugs, which create many problems for the patient even at a slight dosage. Considering this, some parameters such as high selectivity, sensitivity, and cheapness are important that can be found in electrochemical methods due to designing precise, quick, and reliable sensors and bio sensors for the monitoring of cancer biomarkers and anticancer drugs [۱]. In the present study, some procedures are presented for the development of modified electrochemical sensors based on nanomaterials applied for the anticancer drugs and cancer biomarkers sensing. Nanostructured materials present excellent features for the anticancer drugs. They increase multi-drug resistance, site-specificity and improve efficient delivery. The premature degradation, absorption of the drugs into the selected tissues, preventing interaction with biological systems, skipping distribution profile and controlling of the pharmacokinetic properties can be achieved with nanostructured materials. Anticancer drugs are usually prescribe in low concentration levels; but, the high interference of complex matrix of the environmental and biological samples has made their detection very challenging. Thus, the development of selective, sensitive and reliable monitoring techniques is highly demanded. Electrochemistry is a breakthrough technique among all analytical techniques that has been applied for the purposes due to its simplicity, broad applicability and low cost. Electrochemistry has created a promising and powerful analytical route for the research purposes in various areas such as pharmaceutical, medical, environmental, food contributing health, safety, water, wastewater, and property of human life [۲]. Among different electrochemical techniques, Voltammetry, potentiometry, and amperometry are the most prominent methods widely applied for the different analyses. Using an electrochemical sensor or biosensormeasurable electrical signals are achieved from electrochemical information. The differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and stripping voltammetry (SV) are the most usually used techniques in electrochemical sensors and biosensors [۳]. In recent years, various studies have been described to develop efficient electrochemical sensors and biosensors based on different nanostructured materials including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), carbon nanostructures, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), metals, metal oxides, and composites. For example, Kempahanumakkagari et al. reported the fundamental properties of electrocatalytic/electrochemical sensors based on MOFs composites applied for the analysis of biochemical targets and environmental samples [۴]. Irem Kaya et al. described the applicable voltammetric techniques based on nanomaterials for electro-sensing of biologically active compounds [۵]. Manikandan et al. reviewed construction and application of electrochemical nanostructured sensors for the safety and quality control of beverages and foods [۳]. Azzouz et al. reported the trends, restriction of electrochemical sensors for analysisng neurochemicals in biological samples [۶]. In summary, electrochemical techniques due the advantages are key methods for developing sensors for the analyzing of anticancer drugs. They also create opportunity for application of nanomaterials for surface modification of sensors to improve electrochemical processes and sensitivity due to unique electrical features of nanomaterials.

کلیدواژه ها:

Electrochemistry ، Anticancer Drugs ، Nanomaterials ، Sensor