Fuel Cell: A Comprehensive Review of Innovations and Applications for Clean Energy Generation

This academic article presents a comprehensive overview of fuel cell technology and its potential applications as a clean energy generation solution. The article covers various types of fuel cells, including proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), and alkaline fuel cells (AFC), focusing on their working principles and the materials used. Emphasizing the efficiency, low pollution, and sustainability of fuel cells, the article examines research efforts aimed at optimizing their performance through catalyst selection, electrolyte quality, and operational parameters. Advanced materials and catalysts for enhancing fuel cell performance and stability are introduced. The integration of fuel cells with battery discharge systems is explored, highlighting the advantages in remote and off-grid areas. The article also investigates the utilization of fuel cells and hydrogen in electric vehicles, addressing the associated challenges in infrastructure development. Furthermore, the article evaluates the potential of combining fuel cells and hydrogen with renewable energy sources, analyzing techno-economic feasibility through assessments such as techno-economic analyses, life cycle assessments, and studies on renewable hydrogen production. These assessments demonstrate the viability and potential of fuel cell technology as an alternative to fossil fuels. Overall, this article offers a comprehensive review of fuel cell technology, showcasing its versatility and potential for clean energy generation across various applications.

کلیدواژه ها:

Fuel cells ، Hydrogen ، Clean energy ، Renewable energy.