The Incidence of Lung Cancer and Smoking in Iran, Turkey, England, and the USA: A Comparative Study

Objectives: Lung cancer is the deadliest and the costliest cancer in the world. In this study, we compared the situation of this disease in several countries by considering the most important risk factor of lung cancer (smoking). Methods: This is a comparative study, a comprehensive one which was done on lung cancer rates in four countries: Iran, Turkey, England, and the USA, during the past twenty years (۲۰۰۲-۲۰۲۱). Age-standardized rate (ASR) index and the percentage of smokers were extracted from available information in the World Health Organization (WHO) databases, The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Health Statistics ۲۰۲۱, and other valid related articles. After comparison, control procedures were examined. Results: England, with an ASR of ۴۶, has the highest rate of lung cancer, and Iran, with an ASR of ۲۱, has the lowest rate. Turkey has the highest percentage of smokers (۲۹.۳%), and the lowest percentage belongs to Iran (۲۰%). Regarding the increasing trend of the ASR index, lung cancer in Iran and Turkey has had an upward trend, and England and the United States have a downward trend. Taxes on cigarettes are a significant factor in smoking reduction. Among these ۴ countries, the lowest cigarette tax belongs to Iran (۴.۸۳%). Discussion: The result of this study shows that the incidence of lung cancer in Iran is rising, so following successful countries in imposing cigarette taxes can be an effective step to reduce smoking. Training programs, cultural improvement, and new diagnostic methods can also be useful in reducing lung cancer ASR. Coresponding author: Alireza Khammar, E-mail: [e-mail] You can also search for this author in:  PubMed, Google Scholar

کلیدواژه ها:

Lung cancer ، Age-standardized rate ، Smoking