A Comparative Study of Parasitic Infections in Domestic and Wild Pigeons in Iraq

Parasitic infections in pigeons are very important due to their adaptability to different environmental conditions, as well as their relationship with human society. In this study, ۲۵۰ samples of domestic and wild pigeons (Columba livia) were collected from different areas in Samawah, Al-Muthanna province, Iraq, from March ۲۰۲۰ to January ۲۰۲۱. Clinical examination of external parasites was conducted by screening fecal samples for intestinal parasitic infections and preparing direct swabs from the beaks. Out of the ۲۵۰ pigeon samples (۱۲۵ domestic and ۱۲۵ wild pigeons), ۶۵ pigeons were found infected (۲۶%), including ۴۰ domestic (۳۲%) and ۲۵ wild pigeons (۲۰%) (P≤۰.۰۵). The results showed that these parasitic infections belong to three major groups of bird parasites: ۱) Protozoa, such as Eimeria species (spp.) oocyst, Cryptosporidium spp., and Trichomonas gallinae, with prevalence rates of  ۲۱ (۱۶.۸%), ۱۴ (۱۱.۲%), ۱۹ (۱۵.۲%), ۱۱(۸.۸%), ۷ (۵.۶%), and ۲ (۱.۶%), ۲) Helminths, such as cestodes (Raillietina tetragona) and nematodes (Ascaridia columbae) with prevalence rates of ۵ (۴%), ۴ (۳.۲%), ۴ (۳.۲%), and ۲ (۱.۶%), as well as Arthropods, including lice (Menacanthus stramineus) with prevalence rates of ۵ (۴%) and ۳ (۲.۴%) in domestic and wild pigeons, respectively. Additionally, no significant difference was found between male and female pigeons in their infection rate (P≤۰.۰۵). The findings also revealed that the highest percentage of infection in both genders of domestic and wild pigeons was caused by one spp. of parasites (۶۲.۵% and ۶۴% in domestic and wild pigeons, respectively), followed by two spp. (۲۴% and ۲۷.۵% in domestic and wild pigeons, respectively), and three spp. of parasites (۱۰% and ۱۲% in domestic and wild pigeons, respectively). However, there was no significant difference between domestic and wild pigeons regarding their infections with one, two, or three spp. of parasites (P≤۰.۰۵). It is thus concluded that differences in the prevalence of these parasites in different regions are partly due to differences in nutrition, feeding habits, and geographical environment.

کلیدواژه ها:

Columba livia domestica ، Ectoparasite ، Intestinal parasite ، Iraq ، Domestic bird ، wild bird