Effect of Recharge and Abstraction on Groundwater Levels

Groundwater constitutes ۹۹% of all liquid freshwater globally that is available for human use. Groundwater levels in the Nairobi aquifer system (NAS) have been declining over time because of excessive abstraction fueled by increased water demand. This has increased the cost of pumping and drilling boreholes, which is unsustainable. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of recharge and abstraction on groundwater levels using a more realistic approach by estimating recharge using the SWAT model while considering climatic data, soil type, land use/cover, and topography. Recharge obtained from SWAT was applied in MODFLOW to model the groundwater system. Results showed that the average annual recharge was ۷۳ mm, which is about ۹.۷% of the precipitation. Groundwater levels decreased with an increase in abstraction and a decrease in recharge and vice versa. Groundwater levels will decrease by ۷۶ m by the year ۲۰۶۳ if the abstraction rate is kept constant and the recharge is maintained, and will decrease by ۱۴m by the year ۲۰۳۰ if the trend of abstraction rate continues to increase while recharge is kept constant. The abstraction rate should be regulated according to available recharge and recharge enhanced to avoid possible depletion of groundwater. Doi: ۱۰.۲۸۹۹۱/CEJ-۲۰۲۲-۰۸-۰۵-۰۵ Full Text: PDF

کلیدواژه ها:

Recharge ، Abstraction ، Groundwater ، Groundwater Levels ، SWAT ، MODFLOW.